# Understand Idaho

> Data, context and analysis about the issues shaping our state.

Public data about Idaho's population, economy, housing, government, education, water and other issues, with the source and data period behind every number.

Every figure on https://understandidaho.com carries its source organization, dataset, data period, publisher date and retrieval date. Datasets are CC0 at https://understandidaho.com/data/.

## Population and Growth

- [Idaho population](https://understandidaho.com/population/): 2,029,733, 2025 (estimate). Resident population of Idaho. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 (with Vintage 2019 for 2010-2019).
- [Idaho population growth rate](https://understandidaho.com/population/growth/): 1.4%, 2025 (estimate). Annual change in Idaho's resident population. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population growth rate (computed by Understand Idaho).
- [Migration to Idaho](https://understandidaho.com/population/migration/): 19,915, 2025 (estimate). Net domestic migration into Idaho. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 (with Vintage 2019 for 2010-2019).
- [Idaho population history](https://understandidaho.com/population/history/): 1,839,106, 2020. Idaho population at the decennial census. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Decennial Census population counts.
- [Idaho median age](https://understandidaho.com/population/age/): 37.8 years, 2024 (estimate). Median age of Idaho residents. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates.
- [Idaho births and deaths](https://understandidaho.com/population/births-deaths/): 23,695, 2025 (estimate). Births in Idaho. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 (with Vintage 2019 for 2010-2019).
- [Idaho residents 65 and older](https://understandidaho.com/population/age-distribution/): 17.8%, 2024 (estimate). Share of Idaho residents aged 65 and older. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates.

## Housing and Cost of Living

- [Idaho median home value](https://understandidaho.com/housing/home-prices/): $446,400, 2024 (estimate). Median value of owner-occupied homes in Idaho. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates.
- [Idaho median gross rent](https://understandidaho.com/housing/rent/): $1,384, 2024 (estimate). Median monthly gross rent in Idaho. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates.
- [Idaho renters paying 30 percent or more of income on rent](https://understandidaho.com/housing/rent-burden/): 48.4%, 2024 (estimate). Share of Idaho renter households paying 30 percent or more of income on rent. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates.
- [Idaho home value to income ratio](https://understandidaho.com/housing/affordability/): 5.5, 2024 (estimate). Median home value as a multiple of median household income in Idaho. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Home value to income ratio (computed by Understand Idaho).
- [Idaho homeownership rate](https://understandidaho.com/housing/homeownership/): 71.7%, 2024 (estimate). Share of occupied housing units in Idaho that are owner-occupied. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates.
- [Idaho housing units](https://understandidaho.com/housing/units/): 832,052, 2024 (estimate). Housing units in Idaho. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates.
- [Idaho housing vacancy rate](https://understandidaho.com/housing/vacancy/): 9.7%, 2024 (estimate). Share of housing units in Idaho that are vacant. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates.

## Jobs, Wages and Economy

- [Idaho median household income](https://understandidaho.com/economy/median-household-income/): $81,166, 2024 (estimate). Median household income in Idaho. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates.
- [Idaho unemployment rate](https://understandidaho.com/economy/unemployment/): 3.7%, 2025 (estimate). Unemployment rate in Idaho. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment Statistics.
- [Idaho average annual wage](https://understandidaho.com/economy/wages/): $62,392, 2025. Average annual wage in Idaho. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, annual averages.
- [Idaho employment by industry](https://understandidaho.com/economy/employment-by-industry/): 874,283, 2025. Jobs covered by unemployment insurance in Idaho. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, annual averages.
- [Idaho poverty rate](https://understandidaho.com/economy/poverty/): 10.5%, 2024 (estimate). Share of Idaho residents in poverty. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates.

## Taxes, Spending and Government

- [Idaho state spending](https://understandidaho.com/government/spending/): $15,233,737 thousand, fiscal year 2025. Idaho state government expenditures, governmental funds. Source: Transparent Idaho, Office of the Idaho State Controller, Idaho Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, Statistical Section, Fiscal Year 2025.
- [Idaho state spending per resident](https://understandidaho.com/government/spending-per-resident/): $7,505, fiscal year 2025 (estimate). Idaho state expenditures per resident. Source: Transparent Idaho, Office of the Idaho State Controller, State spending per resident (computed by Understand Idaho).
- [Idaho General Fund revenue](https://understandidaho.com/government/revenue/): $5,675,505.9 thousand, fiscal year 2026. Idaho General Fund revenue. Source: Idaho Division of Financial Management, Idaho General Fund Revenue by Source and Total.
- [Idaho state employees](https://understandidaho.com/government/state-employees/): 22,045, fiscal year 2025. Idaho state government employees. Source: Transparent Idaho, Office of the Idaho State Controller, Idaho Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, Statistical Section, Fiscal Year 2025.
- [Idaho agriculture, water and land bills](https://understandidaho.com/government/legislation/): Agriculture, water and land bills introduced in the Idaho Legislature. Source: Idaho Legislature, Idaho Agriculture, Water, and Natural Resource Legislation, 2019-2026.
- [Idaho General Fund spending](https://understandidaho.com/government/general-fund/): $5,275,357,600, fiscal year 2025. Idaho General Fund actual spending. Source: Idaho Legislative Services Office, Idaho Legislative Fiscal Report, General Fund History and Agency Spending.
- [Idaho state spending by function](https://understandidaho.com/government/spending-by-function/): Idaho state expenditures by function. Source: Transparent Idaho, Office of the Idaho State Controller, Idaho Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, Statistical Section, Fiscal Year 2025.

## Education

- [Idaho public school enrollment](https://understandidaho.com/education/enrollment/): 314,063, 2025. Students enrolled in Idaho public schools. Source: Idaho State Department of Education, Historical Fall Enrollment by District or Charter, and Historical Charter School Enrollment.
- [Idaho average teacher salary](https://understandidaho.com/education/teacher-pay/): $62,786, 2024. Average public school teacher salary in Idaho. Source: Idaho State Department of Education, Statewide Certificated Staff Salary Reports, and NCES Digest Table 211.60.
- [Idaho public school spending per student](https://understandidaho.com/education/spending-per-student/): $11,060.401, 2024. Current spending per pupil in Idaho public schools. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Annual Survey of School System Finances, Table 8 (Per Pupil Current Spending).
- [Idaho public postsecondary enrollment](https://understandidaho.com/education/higher-education/): 89,073, 2025. Students enrolled in Idaho public postsecondary institutions. Source: Idaho State Board of Education, Fall Snapshot Postsecondary Enrollment.
- [Idaho student-teacher ratio](https://understandidaho.com/education/student-teacher-ratio/): 17.525, 2022. Public school students per teacher in Idaho. Source: National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, Table 208.40.

## Healthcare

- [Idaho uninsured rate](https://understandidaho.com/health/uninsured/): 9.2%, 2024 (estimate). Share of Idaho residents without health insurance. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates.

## Crime and Public Safety

- [Idaho crime rate](https://understandidaho.com/crime/offense-rate/): 3,166.52 per 100,000, 2025 (preliminary). Offenses reported per 100,000 Idaho residents. Source: Idaho State Police, Idaho Statistical Analysis Center, Crime in Idaho, annual report, Statewide Crime Profile and County-Agency Crime Rates.
- [Offenses reported in Idaho](https://understandidaho.com/crime/offenses/): 66,889, 2025 (preliminary). Offenses reported to Idaho law enforcement. Source: Idaho State Police, Idaho Statistical Analysis Center, Crime in Idaho, annual report, Statewide Crime Profile and County-Agency Crime Rates.
- [Idaho violent crime rate](https://understandidaho.com/crime/violent-crime/): 230.6 per 100,000, 2024 (estimate). Violent crimes per 100,000 residents in Idaho. Source: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reporting, Crime in the United States, by State (Table 5), 2014 and 2024.

## Water

- [Idaho reservoir storage](https://understandidaho.com/water/reservoirs/): Water stored in Idaho's major reservoirs. Source: U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, Pacific Northwest Hydromet: Reservoir Storage and Active Capacity.
- [Idaho snowpack](https://understandidaho.com/water/snowpack/): April 1 snow water equivalent, percent of median. Source: USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, SNOTEL: 1 April Snow Water Equivalent, Percent of Median.
- [Idaho irrigated land](https://understandidaho.com/water/irrigation/): 3,167,499 acres, 2022. Irrigated land in Idaho. Source: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service, Census of Agriculture: Irrigated Land.
- [Idaho irrigation water withdrawals](https://understandidaho.com/water/irrigation-withdrawals/): 15,726,788 acre-feet, 2010 (estimate). Fresh water withdrawn for irrigation in Idaho per year. Source: U.S. Geological Survey, Estimated Use of Water in the United States: Irrigation Withdrawals.
- [Idaho water rights legal matters](https://understandidaho.com/water/legal-matters/): Legal matters listed by the Idaho Department of Water Resources. Source: Idaho Department of Water Resources, IDWR Legal Matters: Delivery Calls, Mitigation Plans, and Court Cases.

## Public Lands, Agriculture and Wildfire

- [Federal land in Idaho](https://understandidaho.com/land/public-lands/): 61.9%, 2018. Share of Idaho's land area owned by the federal government. Source: Congressional Research Service, Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data, Report R42346.
- [Idaho farms](https://understandidaho.com/land/farms/): 22,877, 2022. Farms in Idaho. Source: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service, Census of Agriculture: farms, land in farms, and market value of products sold.
- [Idaho land in farms](https://understandidaho.com/land/farmland/): 11,547,963 acres, 2022. Land in farms in Idaho. Source: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service, Census of Agriculture: farms, land in farms, and market value of products sold.
- [Idaho agricultural products sold](https://understandidaho.com/land/farm-sales/): $10,892,201,000, 2022. Market value of agricultural products sold by Idaho farms. Source: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service, Census of Agriculture: farms, land in farms, and market value of products sold.
- [Idaho wildfire acres burned](https://understandidaho.com/land/wildfire/): 182,005 acres, 2025. Acres burned by wildfire in Idaho. Source: National Interagency Fire Center, Wildland fires and acres burned, Idaho and the United States.
- [Idaho sheep and lamb death loss](https://understandidaho.com/land/sheep-death-loss/): 15,000 head, 2025 (estimate). Sheep and lambs lost in Idaho. Source: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service, Idaho Sheep and Lamb Death Loss and Cause of Death Surveys.
- [Idaho cattle inventory](https://understandidaho.com/land/cattle/): 2,500,000, 2026 (estimate). Cattle and calves in Idaho on January 1. Source: USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service, Idaho Cattle Inventory, January 1.
- [Idaho wildfires per year](https://understandidaho.com/land/wildfire-count/): 1,498, 2025. Wildfires reported in Idaho. Source: National Interagency Fire Center, Wildland fires and acres burned, Idaho and the United States.
- [Animals taken by Wildlife Services in Idaho](https://understandidaho.com/land/wildlife-services/): Animals taken by Wildlife Services in Idaho. Source: USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, USDA APHIS Wildlife Services Program Data Report G, Idaho.

## Energy

- [Idaho electricity generation](https://understandidaho.com/energy/electricity-generation/): 20,035.438 GWh, 2024. Net electricity generation in Idaho. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Net Generation by State by Type of Producer by Energy Source (EIA-906/920/923).
- [Hydropower share of Idaho electricity generation](https://understandidaho.com/energy/hydropower/): 45.7%, 2024. Hydroelectric share of net generation in Idaho. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Net Generation by State by Type of Producer by Energy Source (EIA-906/920/923).
- [Idaho residential electricity prices](https://understandidaho.com/energy/electricity-prices/): 11.52¢/kWh, 2024. Average residential retail electricity price in Idaho. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Retail Sales, Revenue and Price of Electricity by State and Sector (EIA-861).
- [Idaho electricity use](https://understandidaho.com/energy/electricity-use/): 26,369.555 GWh, 2024. Retail electricity sales in Idaho. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Retail Sales, Revenue and Price of Electricity by State and Sector (EIA-861).
- [Idaho net electricity imports](https://understandidaho.com/energy/imports/): −8,347.97 GWh, 2024. Net interstate flow of electricity for Idaho. Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Idaho Net Interstate Flow of Electricity (State Electricity Profile, Table 10).

## Places

- [Idaho](https://understandidaho.com/idaho/): every statewide indicator beside the United States figure.
- [Counties](https://understandidaho.com/places/): all 44 counties at /county/<name>/.

## Datasets

- USDA APHIS Wildlife Services Program Data Report G, Idaho (USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services): https://understandidaho.com/data/aphis-wildlife-services.csv
- Current Employment Statistics, Idaho total nonfarm employment (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics): https://understandidaho.com/data/bls-ces.csv
- Local Area Unemployment Statistics (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics): https://understandidaho.com/data/bls-laus.csv
- Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages, annual averages (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics): https://understandidaho.com/data/bls-qcew.csv
- American Community Survey, 1-Year Estimates (U.S. Census Bureau): https://understandidaho.com/data/census-acs1.csv
- American Community Survey, 5-Year Estimates (U.S. Census Bureau): https://understandidaho.com/data/census-acs5.csv
- Decennial Census population counts (U.S. Census Bureau): https://understandidaho.com/data/census-decennial.csv
- Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 (with Vintage 2019 for 2010-2019) (U.S. Census Bureau): https://understandidaho.com/data/census-pep.csv
- Annual Survey of School System Finances, Table 8 (Per Pupil Current Spending) (U.S. Census Bureau): https://understandidaho.com/data/census-school-finance.csv
- Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data, Report R42346 (Congressional Research Service): https://understandidaho.com/data/crs-federal-land.csv
- Idaho General Fund Revenue by Source and Total (Idaho Division of Financial Management): https://understandidaho.com/data/dfm-general-fund-revenue.csv
- Net Generation by State by Type of Producer by Energy Source (EIA-906/920/923) (U.S. Energy Information Administration): https://understandidaho.com/data/eia-generation.csv
- Idaho Net Interstate Flow of Electricity (State Electricity Profile, Table 10) (U.S. Energy Information Administration): https://understandidaho.com/data/eia-interstate-trade.csv
- Retail Sales, Revenue and Price of Electricity by State and Sector (EIA-861) (U.S. Energy Information Administration): https://understandidaho.com/data/eia-sales-prices.csv
- Farm Income and Wealth Statistics: cash receipts by commodity, Idaho (USDA Economic Research Service): https://understandidaho.com/data/ers-cash-receipts.csv
- Crime in the United States, by State (Table 5), 2014 and 2024 (Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform Crime Reporting): https://understandidaho.com/data/fbi-cde-state.csv
- Idaho Department of Lands, 2025 Annual Report: endowment trust land acreage (Idaho Department of Lands): https://understandidaho.com/data/idaho-lands-endowment.csv
- Idaho Agriculture, Water, and Natural Resource Legislation, 2019-2026 (Idaho Legislature): https://understandidaho.com/data/idaho-legislature-ag-water.csv
- IDWR Legal Matters: Delivery Calls, Mitigation Plans, and Court Cases (Idaho Department of Water Resources): https://understandidaho.com/data/idwr-legal-matters.csv
- Crime in Idaho, annual report, Statewide Crime Profile and County-Agency Crime Rates (Idaho State Police, Idaho Statistical Analysis Center): https://understandidaho.com/data/isp-crime-in-idaho.csv
- Idaho Legislative Fiscal Report, General Fund History and Agency Spending (Idaho Legislative Services Office): https://understandidaho.com/data/lso-general-fund.csv
- Idaho Cattle Inventory, January 1 (USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service): https://understandidaho.com/data/nass-cattle-inventory.csv
- Census of Agriculture: farms, land in farms, and market value of products sold (USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service): https://understandidaho.com/data/nass-census-ag.csv
- Census of Agriculture: Irrigated Land (USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service): https://understandidaho.com/data/nass-irrigation.csv
- Idaho Sheep and Lamb Death Loss and Cause of Death Surveys (USDA National Agricultural Statistics Service): https://understandidaho.com/data/nass-sheep-death-loss.csv
- Digest of Education Statistics, Table 208.40 (National Center for Education Statistics): https://understandidaho.com/data/nces-digest.csv
- Wildland fires and acres burned, Idaho and the United States (National Interagency Fire Center): https://understandidaho.com/data/nifc-wildfire.csv
- SNOTEL: 1 April Snow Water Equivalent, Percent of Median (USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service): https://understandidaho.com/data/nrcs-snowpack.csv
- Fall Snapshot Postsecondary Enrollment (Idaho State Board of Education): https://understandidaho.com/data/osbe-factbook.csv
- Historical Fall Enrollment by District or Charter, and Historical Charter School Enrollment (Idaho State Department of Education): https://understandidaho.com/data/sde-enrollment.csv
- Statewide Certificated Staff Salary Reports, and NCES Digest Table 211.60 (Idaho State Department of Education): https://understandidaho.com/data/sde-staff.csv
- Idaho Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, Statistical Section, Fiscal Year 2025 (Transparent Idaho, Office of the Idaho State Controller): https://understandidaho.com/data/transparent-idaho-acfr.csv
- Pacific Northwest Hydromet: Reservoir Storage and Active Capacity (U.S. Bureau of Reclamation): https://understandidaho.com/data/usbr-reservoirs.csv
- Estimated Use of Water in the United States: Irrigation Withdrawals (U.S. Geological Survey): https://understandidaho.com/data/usgs-water-use.csv

## About

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- [Sources](https://understandidaho.com/sources/)